{"id":11244,"date":"2022-01-14T14:23:17","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:23:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalift.org\/?p=11244"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:23:19","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:23:19","slug":"fact-checking-platformat-si-burime-per-gazetaret-si-te-arrijme-te-fakti-jo-problematik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalift.org\/sq\/fact-checking-platformat-si-burime-per-gazetaret-si-te-arrijme-te-fakti-jo-problematik\/","title":{"rendered":"Fact-checking platformat si burime p\u00ebr gazetar\u00ebt: Si t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb te fakti \u2018jo problematik\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201ePresidenti Barack Obama ka lindur n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Pik\u00eb, “pranoi Donald Trump <\/span>gjat\u00eb fushat\u00ebs p\u00ebr Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb ver\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 2016.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 Prej vitesh ai pretendonte t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn, se Obama ka lindur n\u00eb Kenia, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte pasoja t\u00eb qarta, sepse presidenti amerikan duhet t\u00eb lind\u00eb n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e nj\u00eb prej shteteve federale amerikane. N\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb ishte k\u00ebshtu, t\u00eb dy mandatet e tij do t\u00eb bazoheshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb supozim t\u00eb rrem\u00eb. Trump instistonte n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, p\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa i nevojitej n\u00eb nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb plot me lajme t\u00eb rreme q\u00eb n\u00eb fund e ndihmuan shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb presidenc\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

G\u00ebnjeshtra mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u\u00a0 krijua e ashtuquajtura birther theory u ekspozua tet\u00eb vjet para “pendimit” t\u00eb Trumpit. E v\u00ebrteta u konfirmua nga gazetar\u00ebt e redaksive amerikane, por n\u00eb vitin 2008 punuan shum\u00eb dhe me zell edhe ekspert\u00ebt p\u00ebr kontrollin dhe v\u00ebrtetimin e fakteve nga platformat e zbulimit, t\u00eb rralla n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb. Interneti nuk ishte aspak af\u00ebr asaj q\u00eb ofron sot, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i> t\u00eb\u00a0 platform\u00ebs <\/span>PolitiFact <\/span><\/i>duhej t\u00eb punonin shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur certifikatat e lindjes dhe martes\u00ebs s\u00eb Obam\u00ebs, patentin e shoferit, dokumentet e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb ose certifikatat e mosnd\u00ebshkimit\u2026 Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, ata mor\u00ebn \u00e7mimin <\/span>Pulitzer <\/span><\/a>, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera gj\u00ebra, p\u00ebr ekspozimin e g\u00ebnjeshtrave mbi t\u00eb cilat q\u00ebndronte <\/span>birther theory<\/span><\/i>, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr ndjekjen e fushat\u00ebs p\u00ebr zgjedhjet n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat Obama fitoi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmbushjen e 514 premtimeve q\u00eb b\u00ebri para zgjedhjeve.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Zgjedhja e Obam\u00ebs ka p\u00ebrqendruar v\u00ebmendjen te platformat e kontrollit t\u00eb fakteve, megjith\u00ebse disa prej tyre, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb moderne (sepse disa media q\u00eb mbanin reputacionin e tyre kishin departamente t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr kontrollin e fakteve), ekzistojn\u00eb prej <\/span>vitesh (platforma e par\u00eb, FactCheck, u lan\u00e7ua n\u00eb vitin 2003<\/strong>)<\/span>. N\u00eb at\u00eb ngjitje t\u00eb par\u00eb ata u mor\u00ebn kryesisht me verifikimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pretendimeve t\u00eb politikan\u00ebve dhe p\u00ebrmbushjen e premtimeve t\u00eb tyre elektorale. Por fushata e Trump dhe hyrja e tij n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, fushata p\u00ebr daljen e Britanis\u00eb nga Bashkimi Evropian (Brexit), por edhe shum\u00eb ngjarje n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, \u00e7uan n\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjerim real t\u00eb portaleve t\u00eb zbulimit q\u00eb nuk trajtonin m\u00eb vet\u00ebm besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e politik\u00ebs. mesazhe por edhe g\u00ebnjeshtra e manipulime q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb themel t\u00eb fenomenit t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme, q\u00eb ekzistonte edhe m\u00eb par\u00eb, por k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb krah\u00ebt ia dhan\u00eb portalet dhe rrjetet sociale.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Disiplina e verifikimit si nj\u00eb themel <\/h2>\n\n

Puna e platformave <\/span>fact-checking<\/span><\/i> nuk ka munguar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb, pasi ato jan\u00eb p\u00ebrballur dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me g\u00ebnjeshtra n\u00eb lajme, dezinformata dhe informacione keqdash\u00ebse, spinime dhe manipulime n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha format e tyre. P\u00ebr krahasim, dy vjet para Brexitit dhe hyrjes s\u00eb Trumpit n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb n\u00eb 2014, kishte 44 platforma t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb bot\u00eb; numri i tyre u rrit n\u00eb 113 n\u00eb vitin 2016; n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2021, ishin gjithsej 349, q\u00eb\u00ebsht\u00eb <\/span>tet\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb\u00a0 <\/span><\/a>\u00a0se shtat\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, dhe shumica e tyre n\u00eb fakt u krijua si projekt i pavarur ose t\u00eb OJQ-s\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Qofshin t\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb joqeveritare, nj\u00eb institucion t\u00eb arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb apo nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi mediatike, <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i>, si dhe gazetar\u00ebt, merren me at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi thelb\u00ebsor i gazetaris\u00eb, i cili, sipas Bill Kovachit dhe Tom Rosenstielit, \u00ebsht\u00eb disiplina e shqyrtimit. Ka shum\u00eb ndryshime midis dy profesioneve dhe dy qasjeve, s\u00eb bashku me shum\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri. Gjithashtu, <\/span>fact-checkers<\/i> kryesisht kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me kontrollimin dhe v\u00ebrtetimin, vendosjen n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb caktuar dhe shpjegimin e asaj q\u00eb publikojn\u00eb gazetar\u00ebt, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht “anti-gazetar\u00ebt”<\/strong> (ata q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb lajme t\u00eb rreme dhe merren me gazetari t\u00eb rreme; termat: <\/span>Tur\u010dilo i Buljuba\u0161i\u0107<\/span><\/a>) nga ana tjet\u00ebr<\/strong>, sht\u00ebpit\u00eb mediatike sigurisht q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb <\/span>fact-checking<\/span><\/i>\u00a0 platformat kur kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb informacion t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb verifikuar.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Informacioni plot\u00ebsisht i verifikuar, i marr\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjitha burimet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse dhe i sqaruar nga \u00e7do aspekt, \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht informacioni\u00a0 q\u00eb sjellin <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i>. Mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb pik\u00ebnisje, nj\u00eb burim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ose nj\u00eb segment i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i nj\u00eb historie t\u00eb re, i nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi i ri. Nj\u00eb informacion, si\u00e7 e quajn\u00eb <\/span>fact-checkers <\/span><\/i>nj\u00eb “fakt joproblematik”, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb themel i sigurt p\u00ebr \u00e7do histori t\u00eb mir\u00eb gazetareske n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Dhe nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb gabime.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"Rregulli<\/figure>\n\n

Rregulli i harruar “kontrollo, m\u00eb pas publiko”.<\/h2>\n\n

Gazetar\u00ebt kontrollojn\u00eb informacionin p\u00ebrpara se ta publikojn\u00eb; <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i>\u00a0 pas publikimit. Gazetar\u00ebt p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb dhe transmetojn\u00eb informacione; <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i> e analizojn\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

Kjo mund t\u00eb thjeshtoj\u00eb ndryshimin midis dy profesioneve dhe asaj q\u00eb ata b\u00ebjn\u00eb (ose duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb). Por jo gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq bardh e zi.<\/p>\n\n

Nj\u00eb gabim i paq\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb i mundsh\u00ebm dhe duhet respektuar dhe falur n\u00ebse ndodh, por kur vendoset q\u00ebllimisht nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje problematike dhe manipuluese q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrem\u00eb – nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb falje. Dhe permbajtja e till\u00eb me merit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb “shtyll\u00ebn e turpit” (n\u00eb forma e me emra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm) q\u00eb ka pothuajse \u00e7do<\/span>f act-checking<\/span><\/i> platform\u00eb. Kjo gjithashtu informon publikun se cilat media merren me puna t\u00eb pandershme dhe cilat nuk duhet t’u besohet apo t’u kushtohet koh\u00eb dhe v\u00ebmendje minimale, dhe cilat redaksi jan\u00eb t\u00eb verifikuara, t\u00eb besueshme dhe q\u00eb i respektojn\u00eb parimet profesionale dhe etike n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, gazetaria moderne \u00e7do dit\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin apel p\u00ebr \u201ckthimin n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt\u201d, pra, me p\u00ebrdorimin e parimit themelor t\u00eb profesionit, i cili pasqyrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb formul\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb \u2013 \u201ckontrollo, pastaj publiko\u201d. Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb prej tyre b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn, sipas modelit \u201cpubliko, pastaj kontrollo\u201d. Prandaj, roli i <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i> \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb do t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb q\u00eb skena mediatike dhe gazetaria t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira se sa jan\u00eb sot.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Nuk ka asnj\u00eb arsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyshuar n\u00eb profesionalizmin, nd\u00ebrgjegjshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe etik\u00ebn e <\/span>fact-checking<\/span><\/i> platformeve, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb (dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb) nj\u00eb burim i besuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr gazetar\u00ebt n\u00eb redaksi q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb mjaft koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar \u00e7do fakt (si\u00e7 u tha: gabime dhe lajthitje, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ato t\u00eb paq\u00ebllimshme, jan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme – dhe t\u00eb falshme). \u00cbsht\u00eb koha, apo mungesa e koh\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyetimi<\/span> kryesor dhe faktor i shpesht\u00eb kufizues n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e profesionist\u00ebve t\u00eb mediave. Por <\/strong><\/span>\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb vonosh, por t\u00eb sjell\u00ebsh informacion cil\u00ebsor, sesa t\u00eb jesh i pari dhe t\u00eb gabosh<\/strong>.<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"Punë<\/figure>\n\n

Pun\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr komunitetin<\/h2>\n\n

\u00c7do profesion ka kodet e veta t\u00eb veprimit dhe sjelljes, n\u00eb fakt rregullat q\u00eb duhen ndjekur. K\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe me <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i>. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb paansh\u00ebm<\/span> dhe t\u00eb drejt\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha informacionet t\u00eb kontrollohen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, dmth. pavar\u00ebsisht se nga kush vjen. Ata tregojn\u00eb qart\u00eb burimet t\u00eb cilave u referohen, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb vet\u00eb lexuesi t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb nj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 metodologjis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar sakt\u00ebsisht, sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ata punojn\u00eb, organizimi, si dhe m\u00ebnyra e financimit jan\u00eb t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. Dhe ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, q\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ata publikojn\u00eb e shpjegojn\u00eb n\u00eb detaje, jan\u00eb t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr korrigjime, gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb audienc\u00ebs nj\u00eb informacion plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb sakt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Sipas Marija Slijep\u00e7eviqit, <\/span>profesore n\u00eb Universitetin VERN n\u00eb Zageb’<\/span><\/a>, serioziteti dhe qasja tregon “q\u00ebllimin e [<\/span>fact-checking<\/span><\/i>] organizatave n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb korrigjuese n\u00eb parimin e veprimit t\u00eb mediave, t\u00eb cilat shpesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb diskutueshme n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e transparenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, pun\u00ebs, financimit dhe pron\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d. Ajo citon gjithashtu raportin e Reuters \u201eThe Rise of Fact-Checking Sites in Europe\u201c, i cili thot\u00eb se “sh\u00ebrbimet e pavarura e verifikimit t\u00eb informacionit jan\u00eb nj\u00eb institucion i ri demokratik me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb lavd\u00ebruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb promovuar t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn n\u00eb diskursin politik”.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Ata pa dyshim po b\u00ebjn\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr komunitetin,\u00a0 por shtrirja e <\/span>fact-checking<\/span><\/i> platformave n\u00eb internet \u00ebsht\u00eb ende mjaft e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb krahasim me shum\u00eb portale t\u00eb tjera, sepse audienca m\u00eb shpesh do t\u00eb aspiroj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe lexim m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb sesa “t\u00eb lodhet” me forma serioze, studioze, t\u00eb gjata, t\u00eb cilat sjellin nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar (n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe me gazetari investigative).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, gazetaria do t\u00eb perfitonte shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebhej s\u00ebrish \u201ce m\u00ebrzitshme\u201d, pra t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e saj dhe t’u p\u00ebrmbahej vazhdimisht kontrolleve q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ecin paralelisht me mbledhjen e informacionit. Edhe pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb luftosh me nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb informacioneve, duke imponuar vazhdimisht ritmin n\u00eb redaksi, por edhe jasht\u00eb saj, sidomos kur vjen nga konkurrenca. Pavar\u00ebsisht nga t\u00eb gjitha v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kontrollohet p\u00ebrpara publikimit, t’u p\u00ebrmbahen standardeve profesionale sepse prej tyre varet reputacioni i sht\u00ebpis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ata punojn\u00eb, por edhe besimi i audienc\u00ebs q\u00eb ndjek pun\u00ebn e tyre. Pavar\u00ebsisht se kan\u00eb n\u00eb n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijen e tyre q\u00eb ka dikush q\u00eb do t\u00eb “pastroj\u00eb rr\u00ebmuj\u00ebn” pas tyre, nuk duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb t\u00eb, sepse ndoshta nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e k\u00ebndshme kur tekstin apo artikullin t\u00ebnd “zb\u00ebrthejn\u00eb” dhe identifikojn\u00eb lajthitje, pasakt\u00ebsi, t\u00eb pav\u00ebrteta, manipulime t\u00eb dukshme.<\/p>\n\n

\"Çfarë<\/figure>\n\n

\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb parasysh gazetar\u00ebt?<\/h2>\n\n

Nuk ka asnj\u00eb formul\u00eb apo recet\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb sesi nj\u00eb informacion, s\u00eb bashku me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb element\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb shoq\u00ebrues dhe veprimet e nevojshme, t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb caktuar mediatike t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur me platform\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gazetar\u00ebt publikojn\u00eb punimet e tyre. Gjithashtu, rruga drejt nj\u00eb fakti krejt\u00ebsisht \u201cpa problematik\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb, sepse ka shum\u00eb pengesa. Si mund t’i anashkalojn\u00eb gazetar\u00ebt?<\/p>\n\n

Para s\u00eb gjithash, ata duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb burime autentike dhe t\u00eb besueshme, por edhe informator\u00eb t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm. \u00c7do burim dhe\/ose informator ia krijon problemet gazetarit apo redaksis\u00eb n\u00ebse i afrohet me q\u00ebllime t\u00eb fshehta ose fsheh di\u00e7ka, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm ose ka motive specifike, n\u00ebse k\u00ebrkon anonimitet dhe nuk ka baz\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00ebse historia shkon keq n\u00eb fillim, nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb ndryshe ve\u00e7se si nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e <\/span>fact-checkers<\/span><\/i> . Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme:<\/span><\/p>\n\n